1. Monitor and printer color production
Printer
Printer colors are produced from inkjet cartridges emitting minute patterns of ink dots placed on paper. All colors that you see come from just four colors; cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K).
As an aside, a mixture of cyan, magenta and yellow should produce black, but in reality a touch of black is needed to get it.
Monitor
A phosphor is a substance that emits light when subjected to radiation. Color phosphors are illuminated with electrons in your monitor and hence images are produced. There are three colored phosphors in each pixel on the screen; red (R), green (G) and blue (B).
2. Monitor and printer color differences
As will be aware, the printed output you receive hardly ever matches exactly that seen on your monitor 100% of the time. This is because the way that color is produced is different and the range of colors that are produced is different between the monitor and printer, as described above.